Organic Chemistry

Introduction

Organic chemistry, also known as “carbon chemistry”, is chemistry involving organic — or “carbon-based” — molecules. All life on Earth can be considered an expression of complex carbon chemistry. However, since lots of non-living things are carbon-based as well, organic chemistry isn't merely limited to biochemistry. Organic chemistry also deals with polymers, petroleum products, and much more.

Organic Molecules

See Organic Molecules.

Methane	Classes & Functional Groups —

Ethene	Molecular Geometry —

Ethyne	Isomerism —

	Regiochemistry —

	Stereochemistry —

	Conformation —

	Ionization & Formal Charge —

Conformation

	Staggered Conformation — is the stablest conformation for C-C bonds.
	Eclipsed Conformation — causes the most steric hindrance.
	Chair Conformation — the stablest conformation for cyclohexane rings.
	Boat Conformation —

Ionization & Formal Charge

	Carbocation — a carbon with only three bonds and a positive formal charge.
	Carbanion — has one lone pair of valence electrons and a negative formal charge.
	Free Radical — have a single, unpaired valence electron and a formal charge of zero.

Acids & Bases

For more information, see acids & bases.

	Acid Disassociation Constant [K_a] — stronger acids have a larger K_a value.
	pK_a — negative log of the acid disassociation constant.
	Proton Concentration [pH] — a lower pH value indicates greater acidity, while a higher pH value indicates great basicity.
	Equilibrium Constant [K_eq] —

Table of Reactions

Reaction Type					Reagents	Products
Addition	Polar	Electrophilic	Dihalo addition
			Hydrohalogenation
			Hydrogenation
			Hydration	Hydroboration-Oxidation	Alkenes	Alcohols
				Mukaiyama’s Hydration
			Oxymercuration
		Nucleophilic Addition
	Non-Polar	Free-radical
		Cycloaddition
Substitution		Electrophilic	Aromatic
			Aliphatic	Nitrosation
				Ketone halogenation
				Keto-enol tautomerism
		Nucleophilic	Unimolecular [S_N¹]
			Bimolecular [S_N²]
			Aromatic [S_N^Ar]
			Internal [S_N^I]
Elimination			Unimolecular [E¹]
			Bimolecular [E²]

Organic Chemistry

Introduction

Organic Molecules

Conformation

Ionization & Formal Charge

Acids & Bases

Table of Reactions

Regiochemistry

Markovnikov

Stereochemistry

Anti adddition

Syn addition

Erata