Organic Chemistry

Introduction

Organic chemistry, also known as “carbon chemistry”, is chemistry involving organic — or “carbon-based” — molecules. All life on Earth can be considered an expression of complex carbon chemistry. However, since lots of non-living things are carbon-based as well, organic chemistry isn't merely limited to biochemistry. Organic chemistry also deals with polymers, petroleum products, and much more.

Organic Molecule Classes & Functional Groups

Methane	Alkanes & Alkyl Groups — alkane molecules and alkyl functional groups are single-bonded hydrocarbons. IR Absorption: Medium to strong @ 2850-2975 cm^-1

Ethene	Alkenes & Alkenyl Groups — characterized by double-bonds between carbons. IR Absorption: Medium to weak @ 1640-1680 cm^-1 (medium @ 3020-3100 for conjugated alkane-alkene)

Ethyne	Alkynes & Alkynyl Groups — alkyne molecules and functional groups have triple-bonds between carbon atoms.

Chloromethane	Alkyl Halides & Halide Groups — organic halide molecules, also known as halocarbons or alkyl halides, are carbon-based molecules that contain one or more halogens.

Methanol	Alcohols & Hydroxyl Groups — alcohols are molecules that have one or more hydroxyl groups.

Dimethyl Ether	Ethers —

Methyl Amine	Amines —

Methanethiol	(Organic) Thiols —

Dimethyl Sulphide	(Organic) Sulphides —

Acetonitrile	Nitriles —

Methanal	Aldehydes — the simplest aldehyde is methanal, also known as formaldehyde.

Propanone	Ketones — the simplest ketone is propanone.

Methanoic Acid	Carboxylic Acids — the simplest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid, also known as formic acid.