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Organic Chemistry


Introduction

Organic chemistry, also known as “carbon chemistry”, is chemistry involving organic — or “carbon-based” — molecules. All life on Earth can be considered an expression of complex carbon chemistry. However, since lots of non-living things are carbon-based as well, organic chemistry isn't merely limited to biochemistry. Organic chemistry also deals with polymers, petroleum products, and much more.


Organic Molecules

See Organic Molecules.


Methane

Classes & Functional Groups



Ethene

Molecular Geometry



Ethyne

Isomerism


Regiochemistry


Stereochemistry




Conformation

Staggered Conformation — is the stablest conformation for C-C bonds.

Eclipsed Conformation

causes the most steric hindrance.

Chair Conformation — the stablest conformation for cyclohexane rings.

Boat Conformation


Ionization & Formal Charge

Carbocation — a carbon with only three bonds and a positive formal charge.

Carbanion — has one lone pair of valence electrons and a negative formal charge.

Free Radical — have a single, unpaired valence electron and a formal charge of zero.


Acids & Bases

For more information, see acids & bases.

Acid Disassociation Constant [Ka] — stronger acids have a larger Ka value.

pKa — negative log of the acid disassociation constant.

Proton Concentration [pH] — a lower pH value indicates greater acidity, while a higher pH value indicates great basicity.

Equilibrium Constant [Keq]


Table of Reactions

Reaction TypeReagentsProducts
AdditionPolarElectrophilicDihalo addition
Hydrohalogenation
Hydrogenation
HydrationHydroboration-OxidationAlkenesAlcohols
Mukaiyama’s Hydration
Oxymercuration
Nucleophilic Addition
Non-PolarFree-radical
Cycloaddition
SubstitutionElectrophilicAromatic
AliphaticNitrosation
Ketone halogenation
Keto-enol tautomerism
NucleophilicUnimolecular [SN1]
Bimolecular [SN2]
Aromatic [SNAr]
Internal [SNI]
EliminationUnimolecular [E1]
Bimolecular [E2]

Regiochemistry

Markovnikov

Stereochemistry

Anti adddition

Syn addition

Erata

Check out this pure HTML periodic table of elements.

Abiogenesis


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