► Science ► Physics ► Chemistry ► Organic Chemistry ► Biology ► Extremophiles

Haloferacales



Introduction

This page is under construction.




Definitons

Acidophiles: This group includes organisms capable of thriving in hyperacidic conditions, most of which have an optimal growth pH of 5 or lower (OGpH<5)

Hyperacidotolerant, near-acidophilic neutriphiles: This group includes organisms that have an OGpH slightly above this (e.g., Nanoarchaeum equitans, OGpH=6) but can nonetheless be found flourishing in hyperacidic environments (pH=0.5-1.5).




Taxonomic/Phylogenetic Overview of Hypergeophilic & Hypergeotolerant Genera

“Hypergeophilic genera” and “hypergeotolerant genera” refer here to genera known to include hypergeophilic species and/or species with hypergeotolerances.

Genera containing thermophilic and hyperthermotolerant organisms are marked with an asterisk (*)

Genera containing barophilic and hyperbarotolerant organisms are marked with two asterisks (**)

Genera containing acidophilic and hyperacidotolerant organisms are marked with a dagger (†)

Genera containing alkaliphilic and hyperalkalitolerant organisms are marked with two daggers (††)

Genera containing thermoacidophilic and hyperthermoacidotolerant organisms are marked with an asterisk and a dagger (*†)

Genera containing halophilic and hyperhalotolerant organisms are marked with a double dagger (‡)

Bacteria marked with an asterisk and a degree sign (*°) are endospore-forming polyextremotolerant organisms. Bacterial endospores tend to give the bacteria capable of producing them polyextremotolerance. Endospores are known for being able to survive extremely high doses of radiation, vacuum dessication, extreme heat and cold, lack of nutrients, and in some cases even the passage of hundreds of millions of years (for example, Virgibacillus marismortui (formerly Bacillus marismortui and Bacillus strain 2-9-3) was revived by scientists from 250-million-year-old spores (Vreeland, 2000); for comparison, the first dinosaurs began appearing about 220 MYA — 30 million years later). Although these endospore-forming bacteria can survive a variety of harsh conditions, endospore-formation is not done for reproduction, as with fungal spore formation, but is instead a last-ditch effort to survive conditions the bacterium would not otherwise be able to, which means these critters aren’t true polyextremophiles, because they don’t (necessarily) actually grow better in extreme conditions, and in their endospore form don’t even grow at all.

In addition to other sources cited, much of this information was compiled with the help of NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser.


Domain: Archaea
Phylum: Euryarchaeota
Class: Archaeoglobi
Order: Archaeoglobales
Family: Archaeoglobaceae
Genus: Archaeoglobus *
Class: Stenosarchaea
Order: Candidatus Nanohaloarchaeota
Family: Nanohaloarchaea
Genus: Haloredivivus †‡
Genus: Nanosalina *†‡
Genus: Nanosalinarum †‡
Class: Halobacteria
Order: Halobacteriales
Family: Haloarculaceae
Genus: Haloarcula ‡
Genus: Halorhabdus ‡
Genus: Halorientalis ‡
Genus: Halosimplex ‡
Genus: Natronomonas ††‡
Family: Halobacteriaceae
Genus: Haladaptatus ‡
Genus: Halalkalicoccus ††‡
Genus: Halarchaeum †‡
Genus: Haloalcalophilum ††‡
Genus: Halobacterium ‡
Genus: Halomarina ‡
Genus: Halorussus ‡
Genus: Natronoarchaeum ‡
Genus: Salarchaeum ‡
Family: Halococceae
Genus: Halococcus ‡
Order: Haloferacales
Family: Haloferacaceae
Genus: Halobellus ‡
Genus: Haloferax ‡
Genus: Halopelagius ‡
Genus: Haloplanus ‡
Genus: Haloquadratum ‡
Family: Halorubraceae
Genus: Halobaculum ‡
Genus: Halogeometricum ‡
Genus: Halogranum ‡
Genus: Halolamina ‡
Genus: Halonotius ‡
Genus: Halorubrum ††‡
Order: Natrialbales
Family: Natrialbaceae
Genus: Halobiforma ‡
Genus: Halopiger ‡
Genus: Halostagnicola ‡
Genus: Haloterrigena ‡
Genus: Halovivax ‡
Genus: Natrarchaeobaculum ‡
Genus: Natrialba ††‡+
Genus: Natrinema ‡
Genus: Natronobacterium ††‡
Genus: Natronococcus ††‡
Genus: Natronolimnohabitans ‡
Genus: Natronolimnobius ‡
Genus: Natronorubrum ‡
Class: Methanococci
Order: Methacoccales
Family: Methanococcaceae
Genus: Methanocaldococcus ***
Class: Methanopyri
Order: Methanopyrales
Family: Methanopyraceae
Genus: Methanopyrus *
Class: Thermococci
Order: Thermococcales
Family: Thermococcaceae
Genus: Pyrococcus ***
Genus: Thermococcus ***†††
Class: Thermoplasmata
Order: Methanomassiliicoccales
Family: Methanomassiliicoccaceae
Genus: Methanomassiliicoccus †
Order: Thermoplasmatales
Family: Cuniculiplasmaceae
Genus: Cuniculiplasma †
Family: Ferroplasmaceae
Genus: Acidiplasma †
Genus: Ferroplasma †
Family: Picrophilaceae
Genus: Picrophilus †
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Thermogymnomonas †
Superphylum: DPANN group (9x; 3*, 9†, 3*†)
Phylum: Candidatus Diapherotrites (1x; 1†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Iainarchaeum (1x; 1†)
Phylum: Aenigmarchaeota (1x; 1†)
Class: (unnamed?)
Order: Aenigmarchaeales (1x; 1†)
Family: (unnamed?)
Genus: Aenigmarchaeum (1x; 1†)
Phylum: Nanoarchaeota (3x; 3*, 3†, 3*†)
Class: (unnamed?)
Order: Nanoarchaeales (3x; 3*, 3†, 3*†)
Family: Nanoarchaeaceae (1x; 1*, 1†, 1*†)
Genus: Nanoarchaeum (1x; 1*, 1†, 1*†)
Family: Nanopusillaceae (2x; 2*, 2†, 2*†)
Genus: Nanobsidianus (1x; 1*, 1†, 1*†)
Genus: Nanopusillus (1x; 1*, 1†, 1*†)
Phylum: Incertae sedis
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Candidatus Mancarchaeum (1x; 1†)
Phylum: Candidatus Micrarchaeota (1x; 1†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Candidatus Micrarchaeum (1x; 1†)
Phylum: Candidatus Parvarchaeota (2x; 2†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Candidatus Parvarchaeum (2x; 2†)
Kingdom: Proteoarchaeota (93x; 60*, 57†, 24*†)
Superphylum: TACK group (93x; 60*, 57†, 24*†)
Phylum: Thaumarchaeota (23x; 23†)
Class: Nitrososphaeria (15x; 15†)
Order: Nitrosopumilales (11x; 11†)
Family: Nitrosopumilaceae (11x; 11†)
Genus: Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum (3x; 3†)
Genus: Nitrosopumilus (8x; 8†)
Order: Nitrososphaerales (4x; 4†)
Family: Nitrososphaeraceae (4x; 4†)
Genus: Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus (1x; 1†)
Genus: Candidatus Nitrososphaera (3x; 3†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus (1x; 1†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Candidatus Nitrosotalea (4x; 4†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Incertae sedis
Genus: Candidatus Nitrosotenuis (3x; 3†)
Phylum: Crenarchaeota (70x; 60*, 34†, 24*†)
Class: Thermoprotei (69x; 60*, 33†, 24*†)
Order: Desulfurococcales (4x; 4*)
Family: Desulfurococcacae (2x; 2*)
Genus: Aeropyrum (2x; 2*)
Family: Pyrodictiacae (2x; 2*)
Genus: Geogemma (1x; 1*)
Genus: Pyrolobus (1x; 1*)
Order: Sulfolobales (65x; 56*, 33†, 24*†)
Family: Sulfobaceae (65x; 56*, 33†, 24*†)
Genus: Acidianus (10x; 10*†)
Genus: Metallosphaera (5x; 5†)
Genus: Stygiolobus (1x; 1*†)
Genus: Sulfolobus (45x; 45*, 13†, 13*†)
Genus: Sulfurisphaera (1x; 1†)
Genus: Sulfurococcus (3x; 3†)
Class: Incertae sedis
Order: Cenarchaeales (1x; 1†)
Family: Cenarchaeaceae (1x; 1†)
Genus: Cenarchaeum (1x; 1†)



Alphabetical List

Described Species
Genus & Species Temperature
T°C range
Pressure
kPa range
Proton
pH range
Water
aw range
Salt
%NaCl range
Radiation
Gy range
low_T°C OGT°C high_T°C low_kPa OGkPa high_kPa min._pH OGpH max._pH low_aw OGaw high_aw low_NaCl OGNaCl high_NaCl low_Gy OGGy high_Gy
‡ Haloferax alexandrinus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax chudinovii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax dentrificans - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax elongans - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax gibbonsii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax larsenii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax lucentense - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax mediterranei - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax mucosum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax namakaokahaiae - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax prahovense - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax profundi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax sulfurifontis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
‡ Haloferax volcanii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



In-Line Citations by Genus & species

Described Species
Genus & Species Source
Acidianus ambivalens Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015; (Zillig and Böck 1987) Fuchs &al. 1996
Acidianus brierleyi Segerer &al. 1986; Johnson, 1998; Edwards &al., 2000; Fashola &al., 2015; Zhang &al., 2015
Acidianus_convivator Haring &al., 2005
Acidianus copahuensis Giaveno &al., 2012; Zhang &al., 2015; Urbieta &al., 2017
Acidianus infernus Segerer &al. 1986; Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015
Acidianus manzaensis Yoshida &al., 2006; Ding &al. 2011; Zhang &al., 2015
Acidianus pozzuoliensis Haring &al., 2005
Acidianus sulfidivorans Plumb &al. 2007; Zhang &al., 2015
Acidianus tengchongensis He &al. 2004; Zhang &al., 2015
Acidianus sp. DSM 29099 Zhang &al., 2015
Acidianus sp. RZ1 Zhang &al., 2015
Acidiplasma aeolicum Golyshina &al., 2009; Zhang &al., 2015
Acidiplasma cupricumulans (Hawkes &al., 2008) Golyshina &al., 2009; Zhang &al., 2015
Aeropyrum _camini Nakagawa &al., 2004
Aeropyrum pernix Sako &al., 1996
Archaeoglobus fulgidus Stetter &al., 1988; Klenk &al., 1997
Archaeoglobus infectus Mori &al., 2008
Archaeoglobus lithotrophicus ?
Archaeoglobus profundis Burggraf &al. 1990
Archaeoglobus veneficus Huber &al. 1998
Candidatus Aenigmarchaeum subterraneum Baker &al., 2006; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Cenarchaeum symbiosum A Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Haloredivivus sp. Baker &al., 2006; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Iainarchaeum andersonii Baker &al., 2006; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Mancarchaeum acidiphilum Baker &al., 2006; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Micrarchaeum acidiphilum Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Nanoarchaeum equitans Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Nanobsidianus stetteri
Candidatus Nanopusillus acidilobi
Candidatus Nanosalina sp. Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Nanosalinarum sp. Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum limnia Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum limnia Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus oleophilus Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus Lehtovirta-Morley &al., 2014; Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus viennensis Lehtovirta-Morley &al., 2014
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. SJ Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. NF5 Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. AR1 Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. AR2 Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus salaria Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. D3C Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrososphaera viennensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotalea okcheonensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotalea sinensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotalea devanaterra Lehtovirta-Morley &al., 2011 & 2014; Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotalea bavarica Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotenuis chungbukensis Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Nitrosotenuis cloacae Herbold &al., 2017
Candidatus Parvarchaeum acidiphilum Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Candidatus Parvarchaeum acidophilus Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Ferroplasma_acidarmanus Edwards &al., 2000, Dopson &al.2003; Zhang &al., 2015
Ferroplasma acidiphilum Fashola &al., 2015; Zhang &al., 2015
Ferroplasma cyprexacervatum ()
Ferroplasma thermophilum Zhang &al., 2015
Geogemma barossi
(Pyrolobus fumarii, strain 121)
Kashefi & Lovley, 2003
‡ Haladaptatus cibarius ()
‡ Haladaptatus litoreus ()
‡ Haladaptatus pallidirubidus ()
‡ Haladaptatus paucihalophilus ()
††‡ Halalkalicoccus jeotgali ()
††‡ Halalkalicoccus tibetensis ()
Halarchaeum acidiphilum ()
‡ Haloalcalophilum atacamensis Oren & Ventosa, 2000
‡ Haloarcula amylolytica ?
‡ Haloarcula argentinensis ?
‡ Haloarcula hispanica ?
‡ Haloarcula japonica ?
‡ Haloarcula marismortui ?
‡ Haloarcula quadrata ?
‡ Haloarcula vallismortis ?
‡ Halobacterium jilantaiense ?
‡ Halobacterium noricense ?
‡ Halobacterium salinarum ?
‡ Halobacterium piscisalsi ?
‡ Halobaculum magnesiipjilum Shimoshige &al., 2013
‡ Halobaculum roseum Chen &al., 2017
‡ Halobaculum saliterrae Myers & King, 2020
‡ Halobellus captivus Chen &al., 2020
‡ Halobellus clavatus Cui &al., 2011
‡ Halobellus inordinatus Qiu &al., 2013
‡ Halobellus Iimi Cui &al., 2012
‡ Halobellus litoreus Zhao &al., 2014
‡ Halobellus ramosii Perez-Davo &al., 2015
‡ Halobellus rarus Zhang &al., 2014
‡ Halobellus refus Cha &al., 2014
‡ Halobellus salinus Cui &al., 2012
‡ Halobiforma haloterrestris ?
‡ Halobiforma lacisalsi ?
‡ Halobiforma nitratireducens ?
‡ Halococcus agarilyticus Minegishi &al., 2015
‡ Halococcus dombrowski Stan-Lotter &al., 2002
‡ Halococcus hamelinii Goh &al., 2006
‡ Halococcus morrhuae (Farlow, 1880) Kocur & Hodgkiss, 1973
‡ Halococcus qingdaogense Wang &al., 1990
‡ Halococcus saccharolyticus Montero &al., 1990
‡ Halococcus salifodinae Denner &al.,, 1994
‡ Halococcus salsus Chen &al., 2018
‡ Halococcus sediminicola Yim &al., 2014
‡ Halococcus thailandensis Namwong &al., 2007
‡ Haloferax alexandrinus Asker & Ohta, 2002
‡ Haloferax chudinovii Saralov &al., 2014
‡ Haloferax dentrificans (Tomlinson &al., 1986) Tindall &al., 1989
‡ Haloferax elongans Allen &al., 2008
‡ Haloferax gibbonsii Juez &al., 1986
‡ Haloferax larsenii Xu &al., 2007
‡ Haloferax lucentense (Rodriguez-Valera &al., 1983) Torreblanca &al., 1987
‡ Haloferax mediterranei Asker &Ohta, 2002
‡ Haloferax mucosum Allen &al., 2008
‡ Haloferax namakaokahaiae McDuff &al., 2017
‡ Haloferax prahovense Enache &al., 2007
‡ Haloferax profundi Zhang &al., 2020
‡ Haloferax sulfurifontis Elshahed &al., 2004
‡ Haloferax volcanii (Mullakhanbhai & Larsen, 1975) Torreblanca &al., 1986
‡ Halogeometricum borinquense ?
‡ Halogranum amylolyticum Cui &al., 2011
‡ Halogranum gelatinilyticum Cui &al., 2011
‡ Halogranum rubrum Cui &al., 2010
‡ Halogranum salarium Kim &al., 2012
‡ Halolamina litorea Xu &al., 2016
‡ Halolamina pelagica Cui &al., 2011
‡ Halolamina rubra Chu &al., 2014
‡ Halolamina salifodinae Zhang &al., 2013
‡ Halolamina salina Zhang &al., 2013
‡ Halolamina sediminis Koh &al., 2015
‡ Halomarina oriensis Inoue &al., 2011
‡ Halomarina rubra Zhou &al., 2018
‡ Halomarina salina Xu &al., 2016
‡ Halomicrobium katesii Kharroub &al., 2008
‡ Halomicrobium mukohataei (Ihara &al., 1997) Oren &al., 2002
‡ Halomicrobium zhouii Yang & Cui, 2012
‡ Halonotius aquaticus Duran-Viseras &al., 2019
‡ Halonotius pteroides Burns &al., 2010
‡ Halonotius roseus Duran-Viseras &al., 2020
‡ Halonotius terrestris Duran-Viseras &al., 2020
‡ Halopelagius fulvigenes Liu &al., 2013
‡ Halopelagius inordinatus Cui &al., 2010
‡ Halopelagius longus Zhang &al., 2013
‡ Halopiger aswanensis Hezayen &al., 2010
‡ Halopiger djelfimassiliensis Hassani &al., 2016
‡ Halopiger goleimassiliensis Ikram &al., 2016
‡ Halopiger salifodinae Zhang &al., 2013
‡ Halopiger thermotolerans Minegishi &al., 2016
‡ Halopiger xanaduensis Gutierrez &al., 2017
‡ Haloplanus aerogenes Cui &al., 2011
‡ Haloplanus litoreus Han & Cui, 2014
‡ Haloplanus natans Bardavid &al., 2007
‡ Haloplanus rallus Cho &al., 2018
‡ Haloplanus ruber Han & Cui, 2014
‡ Haloplanus rubicundus Kim &al., 2020
‡ Haloplanus salinarum Hwang &al., 2007
‡ Haloplanus salinus Qiu &al., 2014
‡ Haloplanus vescus Cui &al., 2010
‡ Haloquadratum walsbyi Burns &al. 2007
† Candidatus Haloredivivus sp. Baker &al., 2006; Golyshina &al., 2017
‡ Halorhabdus rudnickae Albuquerque &al. 2016
‡ Halorhabdus tiamatea Antunes &al. 2008
‡ Halorhabdus tiamatea Waino &al. 2000
‡ Halorientalis brevis Yuan &al., 2015
‡ Halorientalis pallida Duran-Viseras &al., 2019
‡ Halorientalis persicus Amoozegar &al., 2014
‡ Halorientalis regularis Cui &al., 2011
‡ Halorubrum aethiopicum Cui &al., 2018
‡ Halorubrum aidingense Cui &al., 2016
‡ Halorubrum alkaliphilum Feng &al., 2005
‡ Halorubrum amylolyticum Sun &al., 2020
‡ Halorubrum aquaticum Gutierrez &al., 2011
‡ Halorubrum californiense Presenti &al., 2008
‡ Halorubrum cibi Roh & Bae, 2009
‡ Halorubrum coriense (Kamekura Dyall-Smith, 1996) Oren & Ventosa, 1996
‡ Halorubrum depositum Cehn &al., 2019
‡ Halorubrum distributum (Zvyagintseva & Tarasov 1989) Oren & Ventosa, 1996
‡ Halorubrum ejinorense Castillo &al., 2007
‡ Halorubrum ezzemoulense Kharroub &al., 2006
‡ Halorubrum gandharaense Kondo &al., 2015
‡ Halorubrum glutamatedens Xu &al., 2019
‡ Halorubrum halodurans Corral &al., 2016
‡ Halorubrum kocurii Gutierrez &al., 2008
‡ Halorubrum lacusprofundi (Franzmann &al., 1989) McGenity & Grant 1996
‡ Halorubrum laminarie Han & Cui, 2015
‡ Halorubrum lipolyticum Cui &al., 2006
‡ Halorubrum luteum Hu &al., 2008
‡ Halorubrum orientale Castillo &al., 2006
‡ Halorubrum pallidum Chen &al., 2016
‡ Halorubrum persicum Corral &al., 2015
‡ Halorubrum rubrum Qiu &al., 2014
‡ Halorubrum rutilum Yin &al., 2016
‡ Halorubrum saccharovorum (Tomlinson & Hochstein, 1977), McGenity & Grant, 1996
‡ Halorubrum salinum Zhang & Cui, 2014
‡ Halorubrum salsamenti Chen &al., 2019
‡ Halorubrum sodomense (Oren, 1983) McGenity & Grant, 1996
‡ Halorubrum tebenquichense Lizama &al., 2002
‡ Halorubrum terrestre Ventosa &al., 2004
‡ Halorubrum tibetense Fan &al., 2004
‡ Halorubrum trapanicum (Petter, 1931) McGenity & Grant, 1996
‡ Halorubrum trueperi Chen &al., 2017
††‡ Halorubrum vacuolatum (Mwatha & Grant, 1993) Kamekura &al., 1997; Oren, 2002
‡ Halorubrum xinjiangense Fen &al., 2016
‡ Halorubrum yunnanense Chen &al., 2015
‡ Halorussus amylolyticus Yuan &al., 2015
‡ Halorussus halophilus Ding &al., 2020
‡ Halorussus litoreus Han &al., 2019
‡ Halorussus rarus Cui &al., 2014
‡ Halorussus ruber Xu &al., 2015
‡ Halorussus salinus Xu &al., 2017
‡ Halosimplex carlsbadense Vreeland &al., 2003
‡ Halosimplex litoreum Yuan &al., 2015
‡ Halosimplex pelagicum Han & Cui, 2014
‡ Halosimplex rubrum Han & Cui, 2014
‡ Halostagnicola alkaliphila Nagaoka &al., 2011
‡ Halostagnicola bangensis Corral &al., 2015
‡ Halostagnicola kamekurae Nagaoka &al., 2010
‡ Halostagnicola larsenii Castillo &al., 2006
‡ Haloterrigena daquingensis Wang &al., 2010
‡ Haloterrigena hispanica Romano &al., 2007
‡ Haloterrigena jeotgali Roh &al., 2009
‡ Haloterrigena limicola Cui &al., 2006
‡ Haloterrigena long Cui &al., 2006
‡ Haloterrigena mahii Ding &al., 2017
‡ Haloterrigena saccharevitans Xu &al., 2005
‡ Haloterrigena salifodinae Chen &al., 2020
‡ Haloterrigena salina Gutierrez &al., 2008
‡ Haloterrigena thermotolerans Montalvo-Rodriguez &al., 2000
‡ Haloterrigena turkmenica (Zvyagintseva & Tarasov, 1989) Ventosa &al., 1999
‡ Halovivax asiaticus Castillo &al., 2006
‡ Halovivax cerinus Amoozegar &al., 2015
‡ Halovivax limisalsi Amoozegar &al., 2014
‡ Halovivax ruber Castillo &al., 2007
† Candidatus Iainarchaeum andersonii Rinke, &al., 2003; Baker &al., 2006
† Candidatus Mancarchaeum acidiphilum Baker &al., 2006; Golyshina &al., 2017
Metallosphaera cuprina Zhang &al., 2015
Metallosphaera hakonensis Zhang &al., 2015
Metallosphaera prunae Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015
Metallosphaera sedula Johnson, 1998; Fashola &al., 2015; Zhang &al., 2015
Metallosphaera yellowstonensis Zhang &al., 2015
Methanocaldocococcus jannaschii
(Methanococcus jannaschii)
Brock &al., 1972
* Methanocaldocococcus thermolithotrophicus Brock &al., 1972
* Methanococcoides Morita & Moyer, 2001
* Methanogenium Morita & Moyer, 2001
* Methanosarcina Morita & Moyer, 2001
Methanopyrus kandleri Kurr &al., 1992
* Methanosarcina Morita & Moyer, 2001
† Candidatus Micrarchaeum acidiphilum Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nanoarchaeum equitans Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
† Nanobsidianus stetteri
† Nanopusillus acidilobi sp.
† Candidatus Nanosalina sp. Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nanosalinarum sp. Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
‡ Natrialba aegyptica Hezayen &al., 2001
‡ Natrialba asiatica
‡ Natrialba chahannaoensis Xu &al., 2001
‡ Natrialba hulunbeirensis Xu &al., 2001
***††† Natrialba magadii (Tindall &al., 1984) Kamekura &al., 1997
‡ Natrialba swarupiae Kajale &al., 2020
‡ Natrialba taiwanensis/i> Hezayen &al., 2001; Oren, 2002
‡ Natrinema altunense Xu &al., 2005
‡ Natrinema ejinorense Castillo &al., 2006
‡ Natrinema gari Tapingkae &al., 2008
‡ Natrinema pallidum McGenity &al., 1998
‡ Natrinema salaciae Albuquerque &al., 2012
‡ Natrinema soli Rasooli &al., 2017
‡ Natrinema versiforme Xin &al., 2000
‡ Natrarchaeobaculum aegyptiacum (Zhao &al., 2018) Sorokin &al., 2020
‡ Natronoarchaeum sulfireducens (Sorokin &al., 2019) Sorokin &al., 2020
‡ Natronoarchaeum persicum Naghoni &al., 2017
‡ Natronoarchaeum philippinense Shimane &al., 2013
‡ Natronoarchaeum rubrumm Qiu &al., 2014
††‡ Natronobacterium gregoryi Tindall &al. 1984; Oren, 2002
‡ Natronobacterium texcoconense Ruiz-Romero &al. 2013
‡ Natronococcus amylolyticus Kanai &al. 1995
‡ Natronococcus jeotgali Roh &al. 2007
††‡ Natronococcus occultus Tindall &al. 1984
‡ Natronococcus roseus Corral &al. 2013
‡ Natrolimnobius baerhuensis Itoh &al. 2005
‡ Natrolimnohabitans innermongolicus Itoh &al. 2005
‡ Natronomonas gomsonensis Kim &al. 2014
‡ Natronomonas halophila Yin &al. 2020
‡ Natronomonas moolapensis Burns &al. 2010
††‡ Natronomonas pharaonis (Soliman & Truper, 1983) Kamekura &al. 1997
‡ Natronomonas salina Yin &al. 2020
‡ Natronomonas salsuginis Duran-Viseras &al. 2020
‡ Natronorubrum aibiense Cui &al. 2006
‡ Natronorubrum bangense Xu &al. 1999
‡ Natronorubrum halophilum Tao &al. 2020
‡ Natronorubrum sediminis Gutierrez &al. 2010
‡ Natronorubrum sulfidifaciens Cui &al. 2007
‡ Natronorubrum texcoconense Ruiz-Romero &al. 2013
‡ Natronorubrum tibetense Xu &al. 1999
† Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum limnia Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum limnia Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus oleophilus Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus Lehtovirta-Morley &al., 2014; Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus viennensis Lehtovirta-Morley &al., 2014
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. SJ Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. NF5 Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. AR1 Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. AR2 Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus salaria Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosopumilus sp. D3C Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrososphaera viennensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotalea okcheonensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotalea sinensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotalea devanaterra Lehtovirta-Morley &al., 2011 & 2014; Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotalea bavarica Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotenuis chungbukensis Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Nitrosotenuis cloacae Herbold &al., 2017
† Candidatus Parvarchaeum acidiphilum Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
† Candidatus Parvarchaeum acidophilus Baker &al., 2006; Baker &al., 2010; Golyshina &al., 2017
Picrophilus oshimae Rampelotto, 2013, Johnson, 1998
Picrophilus torridus Rampelotto, 2013, Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015
Picrophilus sp. (Baker-Austin & Dopson, 2007)
Pyrococcus abyssi Erauso &al., 1993
Pyrococcus endeavori ?
Pyrococcus furiosus Erauso &al., 1993
Pyrococcus glycovorans ?
Pyrococcus horikoshii Erauso &al., 1993
Pyrococcus woesei ?
Pyrolobus fumarii Bloch &al., 1997
‡ Salarchaeum japonicum Shimane &al. 2011
Stygiolobus azoricus Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015; Segerer &al., 1991
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius Johnson, 1998; Edwards &al., 2000; Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus hakonensis Johnson, 1998
Sulfolobus islandicus Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus metallicus Johnson, 1998; Fashola &al., 2015; Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus mirabilis Johnson, 1998
Sulfolobus neozealandicus Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus rivotinct Zhang &al., 2015
Sulfolobus shibatae Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus solfataricus Johnson, 1998, Dopson (2003); Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus tengchongensis Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus thuringiensis Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus tokodaii Dopson 2003; Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus yangmingensis Zhang &al., 2015; Brock &al., 1972
Sulfolobus sp. AMP12/99 ?
Sulfolobus sp. CH7/99 ?
Sulfolobus sp. FF5/00 ?
Sulfolobus sp. G81 ?
Sulfolobus sp. H ?
Sulfolobus sp. JP2 ?
Sulfolobus sp. JP3 ?
Sulfolobus sp. K00 8-41 ?
Sulfolobus sp. L00 11 ?
Sulfolobus sp. L00 24 ?
Sulfolobus sp. M02 ?
Sulfolobus sp. MV2/99 ?
Sulfolobus sp. MVSoil3/SC2 ?
Sulfolobus sp. MVSoil6/SC1 ?
Sulfolobus sp. NGB6/00 ?
Sulfolobus sp. NGB23/00 ?
Sulfolobus sp. NGL8/00 ?
Sulfolobus sp. NO82 ?
Sulfolobus sp. NOB8H2 ?
Sulfolobus sp. RC3 ?
Sulfolobus sp. RC6/00 ?
Sulfolobus sp. RCSC1/01 ?
Sulfolobus sp. Sko-3 ?
Sulfolobus sp. ?
Sulfolobus sp. Ta ?
Sulfolobus sp. Tu A ?
Sulfolobus sp. Tu B-1 ?
Sulfolobus sp. Y00 58-82 ?
Sulfolobus sp. Y01 90#-18 ?
Sulfolobus sp. Y99 9-16 ?
Sulfolobus sp. Y99 9-23 ?
Sulfolobus sp. (uncultured) ?
Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis Zhang &al., 2015
Sulfurococcus mirabilis Zhang &al., 2015
Sulfurococcus yellowstonii Johnson, 1998
Sulfurococcus yellowstonensis Zhang &al., 2015
* Thermococcus acidaminovorans ?
* Thermococcus aegaeus ?
* Thermococcus aggregans ?
*†† Thermococcus alcaliphilus Keller &al., 1997
* Thermococcus atlanticus ?
*** Thermococcus barophilus Marteinsson &al., 1999
* Thermococcus barossi ?
*† Thermococcus celer Zillig, 1983
*** Thermococcus chitonophagus
(one of only three archaeal chiton-philes)
Huber & Stetter, 1996
* Thermococcus coalescens ?
* Thermococcus fumicolans ?
* Thermococcus gammatolerans Jolivet, 2003
* Thermococcus gorgonarius ?
* Thermococcus guaymasensis ?
*** Thermococcus hydrothermalis Godfroy &al., 1997
* Thermococcus kodakarensis Atomi &al., 2004
***† Thermococcus litoralis Neuner &al., 2001
* Thermococcus marinus ?
* Thermococcus mexicalis ?
* Thermococcus pacificus ?
*** Thermococcus peptonophilus (more thermophilic at higher pressures and more barophilic at higher temps Canganella &al., 1996
* Thermococcus profundis Kobayashi & Horikoshi, 1995
* Thermococcus radiotolerans ?
* Thermococcus sibiricus ?
* Thermococcus siculi ?
* Thermococcus stetteri Miroshnichenko, 1990
* Thermococcus waimanguensis ?
* Thermococcus waiotapuensis ?
*††? Thermococcus zilligii Zillig, 1982
* Thermococcus sp. ?
* Thermococcus sp. 12-4 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 13-2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 13-3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 21-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 23-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 23-2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 26-2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 26-3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 28-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 29-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 300-Tc NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 30-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 31-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 31-3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 5-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 70-4-2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 83-5-2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 9N2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 9N3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. 9oN-7 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. AEPII 1a NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. AM4 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Anhete70-I78 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Anhete70-SCI NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Anhete85-I78 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Anhete 85-SCI NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. AT1273 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax00-17 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax00-27 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax00-39 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax00-45 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-37 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-39 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-61 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-62 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax01-65 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax98-43 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax98-46 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax98-48 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax99-47 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax99-57 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Ax99-67 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. B1001 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. BHI60a21 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. BHI80a28 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. BHI80a40 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CAR-80 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CKU-199 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CL1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CL2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CMI NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CNR-5 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CX1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CX2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CX3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CX4 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. CYA NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Dex80a71 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Dex80a75 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. enrichment clone SA3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. GE8 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Gorda2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Gorda3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Gorda4 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Gorda5 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Gorda6 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. GT NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. GU5L5 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. JDF-3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. KI NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. KS-1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. KS-8 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MV1031 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MV1049 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MV1083 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MV1092 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MV1099 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ10 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ11 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ12 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ13 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ5 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ6 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ8 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. MZ9 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. NA1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. NS85-T NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. OGL-20P NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. P6 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Pd70 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Pd85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Rt3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. SB611 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. SN531 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-1-70 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-1-85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-1-95 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-2-85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-2-95 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-365-70 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-365-85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-365-95 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-4-70 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-4-85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc70-CRC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc70-CRC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc70-MC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc70-SC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc70-SC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-0 age SC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-CRC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-CRC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-MC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-MC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-SC-ISCS NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-SC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc85-SC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc95-CRC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc95-CRC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc95-MC-I NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc95-MC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc95-SC-S NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-I-70 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-I-85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-S-70 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. Tc-S-85 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. TK1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. TM1 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. TS2 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. TS3 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. vp197 NCBI’s Taxonomy Browser
* Thermococcus sp. (uncultured) ?
Thermogymnomonas acidocola Zhang &al., 2015
Thermoplasma acidophilum Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015
Thermoplasma volcanium Johnson, 1998; Zhang &al., 2015



Full Citations

Schuerger & Nicholson, 2016.
http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2016.1587

Nicholson &al., 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209793110

Golyshina, O.V.; Yakimov, M.M.; Lunsdorf, H.; Ferrer, M; Nimtz, M.; Timmis, K.N.; Wray, V.; Tindall, B.J.; Golyshin, P.N.; (2009); Acidiplasma aeolicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a euryarchaeon of the family Ferroplasmaceae isolated from a hydrothermal pool, and transfer of Ferroplasma cupricumulans to Acidiplasma cupricumulans comb. nov



X-Philes
Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles
Barophiles
Halophiles
Haloalkaliphiles
⚑ Hyperthermophiles
Thermoacidophiles
Thermobarophiles
Radioresistant Organisms
Xerophiles
Cryophiles
⚑ = You Are Here.

Related
► Abiogenesis
► Panspermia
► LUCA: The Last Universal Common Ancestor
► Mitochondrigeny
► Eukaryogenesis
► The New Spontaneous Generation? "Early-Complexity" Hypotheses for Primordial Life

Journal Links
► Nature: International Journal of Science
► PMC — PubMed Central
► PNAS — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
► Science
► ScienceDirect

Catalogue Links
► Bone Clones
► Skulls Unlimited
► The TeacherSource
► ThermoFisher Scientific

Magazine Links
► National Geographic
► NewScientist
► Popular Science
► Scientific American

Evolution Links
► The Phylogeny Explorer Project
► Tree of Life Web Project

About GenPan
► The Official FAQ
► Contributors

Support
► Donate $ to D. J. Scott
► Donate an Article
► Donate an Image


Social Media Groups